from the task force on CGA of the International Society of Geriatric
Oncology (SIOG). Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2005;55:241–52.
[10]
Albertsen PC, Moore DF, Shih W, Lin Y, Li H, Lu-Yao GL. Impact of comorbidity on survival among men with localized prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:1335–41.[11]
Linn BS, Linn MW, Gurel L. Cumulative illness rating scale. J Am Geriatr Soc 1968;16:622–6.
[12]
Borson S, Scanlan JM, Chen P, Ganguli M. The Mini-Cog as a screen for dementia: validation in a population-based sample. J AmGeriatr Soc 2003;51:1451–4.
[13]
Soubeyran P, Bellera C, Goyard J, et al. Screening for vulnerability in older cancer patients: the ONCODAGE Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study. PLoS One 2014;9:e115060.
[14]
Caillet P, Canoui-Poitrine F, Vouriot J, et al. Comprehensive geriatric assessment in the decision-making process in elderly patients with cancer: ELCAPA study. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:3636–42.
[15]
Ploussard G, Albrand G, Rozet F, Lang H, Paillaud E, Mongiat-Artus P. Challenging treatment decision-making in older urologic cancer patients. World J Urol 2014;32:299–308.
[16]
Tsoi KK, Chan JY, Hirai HW, Wong SY, Kwok TC. Cognitive tests to detect dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 2015;175:1450–8.
[17]
Katz S, Ford AB, Moskowitz RW, Jackson BA, Jaffe MW. Studies of illness in the aged. The index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA 1963;185:914–9.
[18]
Lawton MP, Brody EM. Assessment of older people: self-maintain- ing and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist 1969;9:179–86.
[19]
Kirkhus L, Jordhoy M, Saltyte BJ, et al. Comparing comorbidity scales: Attending Physician Score versus the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics. J Geriatr Oncol 2016;7:90–8.
[20]
Blanc-Bisson C, Fonck M, Rainfray M, Soubeyran P, Bourdel-March- asson I. Undernutrition in elderly patients with cancer: target for diagnosis and intervention. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2008;67:243–54.
[21] University California San Francisco. eprognosis: electronic tools.
http://eprognosis.ucsf.edu/index.php.
[22]
Heidenreich A, Pfister D. Prostate cancer: estimated life expectan- cy: integration of age and comorbidities. Nat Rev Urol 2016;13: 634–5.[23]
Daskivich TJ, Lai J, Dick AW, et al. Questioning the 10-year life expectancy rule for high-grade prostate cancer: comparative effec- tiveness of aggressive vs nonaggressive treatment of high-grade disease in older men with differing comorbid disease burdens. Urology 2016;93:68–76.
[24]
Puts MT, Tapscott B, Fitch M, et al. A systematic review of factors influencing older adults’ decision to accept or decline cancer treat- ment. Cancer Treat Rev 2015;41:197–215.
[25]
Balducci L, Extermann M. Management of cancer in the older person: a practical approach. Oncologist 2000;5:224–37.
[26]
D’Amico AV, Moul JW, Carroll PR, Sun L, Lubeck D, Chen MH. Surrogate end point for prostate cancer-specific mortality after radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:1376–83.[27]
Rider JR, Sandin F, Andren O, Wiklund P, Hugosson J, Stattin P. Long- term outcomes among noncuratively treated men according to prostate cancer risk category in a nationwide, population-based study. Eur Urol 2013;63:88–96.[28]
Scosyrev E, Wu G, Mohile S, Messing EM. Prostate-specific antigen screening for prostate cancer and the risk of overt metastatic disease at presentation: analysis of trends over time. Cancer 2012;118:5768–76.
[29]
Joniau S, Briganti A, Gontero P, et al. Stratification of high-risk prostate cancer into prognostic categories: a European multi-insti- tutional study. Eur Urol 2015;67:157–64.
[30]
Adejoro O, Gupta P, Ziegelmann M, Weight C, Konety B. Effect of minimally invasive radical prostatectomy in older men. Urol Oncol 2016;34:234.[31]
Alibhai SM, Leach M, Tomlinson G, et al. 30-Day mortality and major complications after radical prostatectomy: influence of age and comorbidity. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005;97:1525–32.
[32]
Basto MY, Vidyasagar C, te Marvelede L, et al. Early urinary conti- nence recovery after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in older Australian men. BJU Int 2014;114(Suppl 1):29–33.
[33]
D’Amico AV, Chen MH, Renshaw AA, Loffredo M, Kantoff PW. Androgen suppression and radiation vs radiation alone for prostate cancer: a randomized trial. JAMA 2008;299:289–95.
[34]
Hamilton AS, Stanford JL, Gilliland FD, et al. Health outcomes after external-beam radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer: results from the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:2517–26.
[35]
Dearnaley DP. Hypofractionated radiotherapy in prostate cancer. Lancet Oncol 2015;16:237–8.
[36]
Fizazi K, Faivre L, Lesaunier F, et al. Androgen deprivation therapy plus docetaxel and estramustine versus androgen deprivation therapy alone for high-risk localised prostate cancer (GETUG 12): a phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2015;16: 787–94.[37]
Studer UE, Collette L, Whelan P, et al. Using PSA to guide timing of androgen deprivation in patients with T0-4N0-2M0 prostate cancer not suitable for local curative treatment (EORTC 30891). Eur Urol 2008;53:941–9.
[38]
Widmark A, Klepp O, Solberg A, et al. Endocrine treatment, with or without radiotherapy, in locally advanced prostate cancer (SPCG-7/ SFUO-3): an open randomised phase III trial. Lancet 2009;373: 301–8.[39]
Warde P, Mason M, Ding K, et al. Combined androgen deprivation therapy and radiation therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2011;378:2104–11.[40]
Mottet N, Peneau M, Mazeron JJ, Molinie V, Richaud P. Addition of radiotherapy to long-term androgen deprivation in locally ad- vanced prostate cancer: an open randomised phase 3 trial. Eur Urol 2012;62:213–9.
[41]
Mason MD, Parulekar WR, Sydes MR, et al. Final report of the intergroup randomized study of combined androgen-deprivation therapy plus radiotherapy versus androgen-deprivation therapy alone in locally advanced prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2015;33: 2143–50.
[42]
Gravis G, Fizazi K, Joly F, et al. Androgen-deprivation therapy alone or with docetaxel in non-castrate metastatic prostate cancer (GETUG-AFU 15): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:149–58.
[43]
Sweeney CJ, Chen YH, Carducci M, et al. Chemohormonal therapy in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 2015;373:737–46.[44]
James ND, Sydes MR, Clarke NW, et al. Addition of docetaxel, zoledronic acid, or both to first-line long-term hormone therapy in prostate cancer (STAMPEDE): survival results from an adaptive, multiarm, multistage, platform randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2016;387:1163–77.
[45]
Vale CL, Burdett S, Rydzewska LH, et al. Addition of docetaxel or bisphosphonates to standard of care in men with localised or metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: a systematic re- view and meta-analyses of aggregate data. Lancet Oncol 2016;17: 243–56.
[46]
Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Harmenberg U, Joensuu T, et al. 2-Weekly versus 3-weekly docetaxel to treat castration-resistant advanced prostate cancer: a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2013;14: 117–24.
E U R O P E A N U R O L O G Y 7 2 ( 2 0 1 7 ) 5 2 1 – 5 3 1
530




